A Phenomenological Critique of Normative Design Standards in Healthcare Architecture: An Evaluation through the Concept of Genius Loci

Abstract

This study critically examines national and international normative design standards used in
the architectural planning of healthcare facilities within the framework of architectural theory.
Healthcare buildings require a specialized planning approach due to their high technical
requirements and complex operational structures. In this context, the design process is largely
guided by normative documents that define spatial organization and technical requirements.
However, these documents predominantly describe space through technical and functional
criteria, while qualitative aspects such as user experience, spatial meaning, and contextual
identity remain limited. The research is grounded in Christian Norberg-Schulz’s
phenomenological approach and the concept of genius loci. Healthcare design guidelines from
different countries are analyzed comparatively. The findings reveal that while normative
standards successfully meet functional requirements, they are limited in terms of spatial
meaning and user experience. The study emphasizes the need for more holistic and place
oriented design approaches in healthcare architecture.